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The 2G Nano has two special modes that it can boot into called disk mode and DFU mode
At any given time an iPod can be in one of several modes, some of which can be activated by holding down certain buttons while the iPod is booting. 
 
==Normal mode==
"Normal mode" is when the iPod is booted into [[RetailOS]] normally. In this mode the iPod presents as a mass storage device to a computer, allowing files to be transferred. Receiving device information from the iPod, as well as updating the iPod's [[Firmware]], can be done from normal mode through the use of proprietary SCSI commands.


==Disk mode==
==Disk mode==
Disk mode has existed ever since the iPod has existed. Disk mode is stored in the 1MB NOR auxillary flash (along with the bootloader), so this is pretty much always there, no matter what sort of tampering you have done. Disk mode basically makes the iPod behave as a massive storage device, allowing the computer to directly read and write the data flash chip.
In disk mode, like normal mode, the iPod presents as a mass storage device to a computer and can have its information read and firmware updated. When in disk mode, the iPod screen will display, with a black foreground and white background, either a no symbol with the text "Do not disconnect." or a checkmark symbol with the text "OK to disconnect." depending on whether the iPod is connected and if it has been ejected.  
 
Disk mode exists on all iPod models. For more information on how to enter disk mode, refer to [https://support.apple.com/kb/ht1363 this Apple support document]
 
Disk mode is also referred to as "forced disk mode" in device information received from the iPod.
 
The place where disk mode is stored on the device differs depending on the iPod model. On the iPod nano (4th generation) and newer, disk mode is stored in the "disk" partition of the [[Firmware]].
 
=== How to access it===
* Clickwheel iPods (except for the very first models):
** hold down '''Menu''' and '''Center''' to do a hard reboot
** hold down '''Center''' and '''Play/Pause''' when the Apple logo appears
* [[Nano 6G]]
** hold down '''Sleep/Wake''' and '''Volume Down''' to do a hard reboot
** hold down '''Volume Up''' when the Apple logo appears
* [[Nano 7G]]
** hold down '''Sleep/Wake''' and '''Menu''' to do a hard reboot
** hold down '''Volume Up''' and '''Volume Down''' when the Apple logo appears


==DFU mode==
==DFU mode==
DFU mode is a relatively new standard for upgrading firmware that is used in many devices like the OpenMoko and the newer iPods. DFU mode (since nano 3G) is probably contained in the on-processor's bootrom. Newer iPods have both DFU mode and disk mode, while iPod Touch and iPhones have exclusively DFU mode. It is worth noting that DFU mode was implemented at the exact time that Apple switched from PortalPlayer to Samsung processors, and also exactly when the firmware was encrypted. There could be a relationship.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_Firmware_Upgrade Device Firmware Upgrade], or DFU, is a standard for upgrading firmware over USB that is used by many devices, including iOS devices and newer iPods. DFU mode exists on the [[Nano 3G]] and newer and the [[Classic 6G]] and newer, coinciding with Apple's switch from PortalPlayer to Samsung processors. DFU mode is contained in the on-processor BootROM. Instructions on entering DFU mode can be found [https://theapplewiki.com/wiki/DFU_Mode#iPod here].
 
When in DFU mode, the iPod can be sent a special WTF [[IMG1]] firmware image to enter WTF mode. Other IMG1 images cannot be sent in this mode.
 
The [[Nano 2G]] also has a DFU mode, but it can only be entered by shorting testpoints on the iPod's circuit board or flashing the NOR with an image with an invalid signature or hash. It does, however, support a NOR DFU mode that can be entered by holding down '''Rewind''' and '''Play/Pause''' right after rebooting the device<ref>https://www.rockbox.org/irc/log-20080904#13:31:44</ref>.
 
=== How to access it===
# Connect the iPod to a computer using a USB cable
# Check which key combo you need to hold down depending on the iPod's model
# Keep holding down the same buttons until the Apple logo appears, keep holding until the screen goes black, wait about 1 second and release the buttons.
 
* [[Nano_3G]], [[Nano_4G]], [[Nano_5G]] and [[Classic_1G]]: '''Menu''' and '''Center'''
* [[Nano 6G]]: '''Sleep/Wake''' and '''Volume Down'''
* [[Nano 7G]]: '''Sleep/Wake''' and '''Menu'''


==WTF mode==
In WTF mode (possibly 'Where's The Firmware?'), the iPod will accept any [[IMG1]] image it is sent over DFU and, if signature and decryption checks pass, will attempt to boot to it. It is entered from DFU mode when a specific WTF [[IMG1]] firmware image is sent. While in WTF mode the iPod still uses the standard DFU protocol.


The nano 2G also has a DFU mode, but that one is probably booted of the NOR flash instead of mask ROM, and doesn't seem to have anything in common with the newer DFU modes. It is not yet found out how to communicate with a nano 2G in DFU mode, not even iTunes can do that.
The iTunes behavior upon seeing an iPod in WTF mode is to send it a "recovery" firmware image, which places the iPod in disk mode. However, any firmware image can be sent to it, including, for example, the "osos" partition from production iPod firmware, which enables tethered booting an iPod into [[RetailOS]].


==Helpful pages==
==Diagnostic mode==
http://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2008/09/03/dfu-mode-on-2nd-gen-nanos/
[[File:Nano 7G diagnostic mode.jpg|thumb|right|[[Nano 7G]] in diagnostics mode]]
This mode will give quite a lot of info about your iPod. In diagnostics mode you can find info about the battery power check the LCD, button inputs, radio signals, DRAM, NAND, Accelerometer, dock information and an about section. On touchscreen iPods there is also a section for touchscreen testing.
=== How to access it===
* Clickwheel iPods (except for the very first models):
** hold down '''Menu''' and '''Center''' to do a hard reboot
** hold down '''Center''' and '''Rewind''' when the Apple logo appears
* [[Nano 6G]]
** hold down '''Sleep/Wake''' and '''Volume Down''' to do a hard reboot
** hold down '''Volume Up''', '''Volume Down''' and '''Sleep/Wake''' when the Apple logo appears
* [[Nano 7G]]
** hold down '''Sleep/Wake''' and '''Menu''' to do a hard reboot
** hold down '''Volume Up''', '''Volume Down''' and '''Sleep/Wake''' when the Apple logo appears
<br clear="all" />
==USB IDs==
When connected to a computer, the iPod presents a vendor ID of 05ac (Apple Inc.) and a product ID that depends on its model and which mode it is in:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Model
! Normal/disk mode
! DFU mode
! WTF mode
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Nano 2G]]
| <code>1260</code>
| <code>1220</code>
| <code>1240</code>
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Nano 3G]]
| <code>1262</code>
| <code>1223</code>/<code>1224</code>
| <code>1242</code>
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Nano 4G]]
| <code>1263</code>
| <code>1225</code>
| <code>1243</code>
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Nano 5G]]
| <code>1265</code>
| <code>1231</code>
| <code>1246</code>
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Nano 6G]]
| <code>1266</code>
| <code>1232</code>
| <code>1248</code>
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Nano 7G]]
| Initial
| rowspan="2" | <code>1267</code>
| rowspan="2" | <code>1234</code>
| <code>1249</code>
|-
| Rev A
| <code>124a</code>
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Classic 6G]]
| [[Classic 6G#Initial|Initial]]
| rowspan="4" | <code>1261</code>
| rowspan="4" | <code>1223</code>
| <code>1241</code>
|-
| [[Classic 6G#Rev A|Rev A]]
| <code>1245</code>
|-
| [[Classic 6G#Rev B|Rev B]]
| <code>1247</code>
|-
| Rev C
| <code>1250</code>
|}

Latest revision as of 17:14, 23 May 2026

At any given time an iPod can be in one of several modes, some of which can be activated by holding down certain buttons while the iPod is booting.

Normal mode

"Normal mode" is when the iPod is booted into retailOS normally. In this mode the iPod presents as a mass storage device to a computer, allowing files to be transferred. Receiving device information from the iPod, as well as updating the iPod's Firmware, can be done from normal mode through the use of proprietary SCSI commands.

Disk mode

In disk mode, like normal mode, the iPod presents as a mass storage device to a computer and can have its information read and firmware updated. When in disk mode, the iPod screen will display, with a black foreground and white background, either a no symbol with the text "Do not disconnect." or a checkmark symbol with the text "OK to disconnect." depending on whether the iPod is connected and if it has been ejected.

Disk mode exists on all iPod models. For more information on how to enter disk mode, refer to this Apple support document

Disk mode is also referred to as "forced disk mode" in device information received from the iPod.

The place where disk mode is stored on the device differs depending on the iPod model. On the iPod nano (4th generation) and newer, disk mode is stored in the "disk" partition of the Firmware.

How to access it

  • Clickwheel iPods (except for the very first models):
    • hold down Menu and Center to do a hard reboot
    • hold down Center and Play/Pause when the Apple logo appears
  • iPod nano (6th generation)
    • hold down Sleep/Wake and Volume Down to do a hard reboot
    • hold down Volume Up when the Apple logo appears
  • iPod nano (7th generation)
    • hold down Sleep/Wake and Menu to do a hard reboot
    • hold down Volume Up and Volume Down when the Apple logo appears

DFU mode

Device Firmware Upgrade, or DFU, is a standard for upgrading firmware over USB that is used by many devices, including iOS devices and newer iPods. DFU mode exists on the iPod nano (3rd generation) and newer and the iPod classic (6th generation) and newer, coinciding with Apple's switch from PortalPlayer to Samsung processors. DFU mode is contained in the on-processor BootROM. Instructions on entering DFU mode can be found here.

When in DFU mode, the iPod can be sent a special WTF IMG1 firmware image to enter WTF mode. Other IMG1 images cannot be sent in this mode.

The iPod nano (2nd generation) also has a DFU mode, but it can only be entered by shorting testpoints on the iPod's circuit board or flashing the NOR with an image with an invalid signature or hash. It does, however, support a NOR DFU mode that can be entered by holding down Rewind and Play/Pause right after rebooting the device[1].

How to access it

  1. Connect the iPod to a computer using a USB cable
  2. Check which key combo you need to hold down depending on the iPod's model
  3. Keep holding down the same buttons until the Apple logo appears, keep holding until the screen goes black, wait about 1 second and release the buttons.

WTF mode

In WTF mode (possibly 'Where's The Firmware?'), the iPod will accept any IMG1 image it is sent over DFU and, if signature and decryption checks pass, will attempt to boot to it. It is entered from DFU mode when a specific WTF IMG1 firmware image is sent. While in WTF mode the iPod still uses the standard DFU protocol.

The iTunes behavior upon seeing an iPod in WTF mode is to send it a "recovery" firmware image, which places the iPod in disk mode. However, any firmware image can be sent to it, including, for example, the "osos" partition from production iPod firmware, which enables tethered booting an iPod into retailOS.

Diagnostic mode

iPod nano (7th generation) in diagnostics mode

This mode will give quite a lot of info about your iPod. In diagnostics mode you can find info about the battery power check the LCD, button inputs, radio signals, DRAM, NAND, Accelerometer, dock information and an about section. On touchscreen iPods there is also a section for touchscreen testing.

How to access it

  • Clickwheel iPods (except for the very first models):
    • hold down Menu and Center to do a hard reboot
    • hold down Center and Rewind when the Apple logo appears
  • iPod nano (6th generation)
    • hold down Sleep/Wake and Volume Down to do a hard reboot
    • hold down Volume Up, Volume Down and Sleep/Wake when the Apple logo appears
  • iPod nano (7th generation)
    • hold down Sleep/Wake and Menu to do a hard reboot
    • hold down Volume Up, Volume Down and Sleep/Wake when the Apple logo appears


USB IDs

When connected to a computer, the iPod presents a vendor ID of 05ac (Apple Inc.) and a product ID that depends on its model and which mode it is in:

Model Normal/disk mode DFU mode WTF mode
iPod nano (2nd generation) 1260 1220 1240
iPod nano (3rd generation) 1262 1223/1224 1242
iPod nano (4th generation) 1263 1225 1243
iPod nano (5th generation) 1265 1231 1246
iPod nano (6th generation) 1266 1232 1248
iPod nano (7th generation) Initial 1267 1234 1249
Rev A 124a
iPod classic (6th generation) Initial 1261 1223 1241
Rev A 1245
Rev B 1247
Rev C 1250
  1. ↑ https://www.rockbox.org/irc/log-20080904#13:31:44
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