Difference between revisions of "Modes"

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Nanos have special modes that they can boot into called disk mode, DFU mode, and debug mode.
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At any given time an iPod can be in one of several modes, some of which can be activated by holding down certain buttons while the iPod is booting. 
 +
 
 +
==Normal mode==
 +
"Normal mode" is when the iPod is booted into [[RetailOS]] normally. In this mode the iPod presents as a mass storage device to a computer, allowing files to be transferred. Receiving device information from the iPod, as well as updating the iPod's [[Firmware]], can be done from normal mode through the use of proprietary SCSI commands.
  
 
==Disk mode==
 
==Disk mode==
−
Disk mode has existed ever since the iPod has existed. Disk mode is stored in the 1MB NOR auxillary flash (along with the bootloader), so this is pretty much always there, no matter what sort of tampering you have done. Disk mode basically makes the iPod behave as a massive storage device, allowing the computer to directly read and write the data flash chip. For more information on how to enter Disk mode (or Reboot), refer to the [http://www.ipodlinux.org/wiki/Key_Combinations Key Combination] page from iPodLinux Wiki.
+
In disk mode, like normal mode, the iPod presents as a mass storage device to a computer and can have its information read and firmware updated. When in disk mode, the iPod screen will display, with a black foreground and white background, either a no symbol with the text "Do not disconnect." or a checkmark symbol with the text "OK to disconnect." depending on whether the iPod is connected and if it has been ejected.
 +
 
 +
Disk mode exists on all iPod models. For more information on how to enter disk mode, refer to [https://support.apple.com/kb/ht1363 this Apple support document]
  
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[[Image:Diskmode.jpg]]
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Disk mode is also referred to as "forced disk mode" in device information received from the iPod.
  
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([http://www.ipodlinux.org/ iPodLinux project])
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The place where disk mode is stored on the device differs depending on the iPod model. On the iPod nano (4th generation) and newer, disk mode is stored in the "disk" partition of the [[Firmware]].  
  
 
==DFU mode==
 
==DFU mode==
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DFU (Device Firmware Upgrade) mode is a relatively new standard for upgrading firmware that is used in many devices like the OpenMoko and the newer iPods. DFU mode (since nano 2G) is contained in the on-processor bootrom. Newer iPods have both DFU mode and disk mode, while iPod Touch and iPhones have exclusively DFU mode. It is worth noting that DFU mode was implemented at the exact time that Apple switched from PortalPlayer to Samsung processors.
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_Firmware_Upgrade Device Firmware Upgrade], or DFU, is a standard for upgrading firmware over USB that is used by many devices, including iOS devices and newer iPods. DFU mode exists on the [[Nano 3G]] and newer and the [[Classic 6G]] and newer, coinciding with Apple's switch from PortalPlayer to Samsung processors. DFU mode is contained in the on-processor BootROM. Instructions on entering DFU mode can be found [https://theapplewiki.com/wiki/DFU_Mode#iPod here].
 +
 
 +
When in DFU mode, the iPod can be sent a special WTF [[IMG1]] firmware image to enter WTF mode. Other IMG1 images cannot be sent in this mode.
 +
 
 +
The [[Nano 2G]] also has a DFU mode, but it can only be entered by shorting testpoints on the iPod's circuit board or flashing the NOR with an image with an invalid signature or hash. It does, however, support a NOR DFU mode that can be entered by holding down Back+Play right after rebooting the device<ref>https://www.rockbox.org/irc/log-20080904#13:31:44</ref>.
 +
 
 +
==WTF mode==
 +
In WTF mode (possibly 'Where's The Firmware?'), the iPod will accept any [[IMG1]] image it is sent over DFU and, if signature and decryption checks pass, will attempt to boot to it. It is entered from DFU mode when a specific WTF [[IMG1]] firmware image is sent. While in WTF mode the iPod still uses the standard DFU protocol.
  
−
The Nano 2G also has a DFU mode, but this mode can only be entered by shorting testpoints on the circuit board or flashing the NOR with an image with a wrong signature/hash.
+
The iTunes behavior upon seeing an iPod in WTF mode is to send it a "recovery" firmware image, which places the iPod in disk mode. However, any firmware image can be sent to it, including, for example, the "osos" partition from production iPod firmware, which enables tethered booting an iPod into [[RetailOS]].
  
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===Getting DFU mode on iPod Classic, Nano 3G and newer ===
+
==Diagnostic mode==
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# Make sure your iPod is turned on and connected to your computer.
+
This mode will give quite a lot of info about your iPod. Except for the very first iPods, it can be accessed by holding center and rewind when the apple logo appears during reboot.<sup>(clarification needed)</sup>
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# Press the menu button and select (central) button simultaneously.
 
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# The iPod's screen will go black, and the Apple logo will shortly appear.
 
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# Keep on pressing till the Apple logo turns into a black screen. This is about 10 seconds.
 
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# Release the menu and select buttons.
 
  
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You can use lsusb to determine if your iPod is in DFU mode. 05ac is the vendor ID (apple), and the number after the colon is the Product ID. The product ID depends on whether the iPod is in DFU mode or not. Here is a table of product IDs:
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==USB IDs==
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{| class="wikitable"
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When connected to a computer, the iPod presents a vendor ID of 05ac (Apple Inc.) and a product ID that depends on its model and which mode it is in:  
−
! Device !! Normal !! DFU
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{| class="wikitable"  
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="2" | Model
 +
! Normal/disk mode
 +
! DFU mode
 +
! WTF mode
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="2" | [[Nano 2G]]
 +
| <code>1260</code>
 +
| <code>1220</code>
 +
| <code>1240</code>
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="2" | [[Nano 3G]]
 +
| <code>1262</code>
 +
| <code>1223</code>/<code>1224</code>
 +
| <code>1242</code>
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="2" | [[Nano 4G]]
 +
| <code>1263</code>
 +
| <code>1225</code>
 +
| <code>1243</code>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Nano 2G
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| colspan="2" | [[Nano 5G]]
−
| 1260
+
| <code>1265</code>
−
| 1220
+
| <code>1231</code>
 +
| <code>1246</code>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Nano 3G
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| colspan="2" | [[Nano 6G]]
−
| 1262
+
| <code>1266</code>
−
| 1223/1224
+
| <code>1232</code>
 +
| <code>1248</code>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Nano 4G
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| rowspan="2" | [[Nano 7G]]
−
| 1263
+
| Initial
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| 1225
+
| rowspan="2" | <code>1267</code>
 +
| rowspan="2" | <code>1234</code>
 +
| <code>1249</code>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Nano 5G
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| Rev A
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| 1265
+
| <code>124a</code>
−
| 1231
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Nano 6G
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| rowspan="4" | [[Classic 6G]]
−
| 1266
+
| [[Classic 6G#Initial|Initial]]
−
| ????
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| rowspan="4" | <code>1261</code>
 +
| rowspan="4" | <code>1223</code>
 +
| <code>1241</code>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Classic 1G
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| [[Classic 6G#Rev A|Rev A]]
−
| 1261
+
| <code>1245</code>
−
| 1223
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Classic 2G
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| [[Classic 6G#Rev B|Rev B]]
−
| 1261
+
| <code>1247</code>
−
| 1223
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Classic 3G
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| Rev C
−
| 1261
+
| <code>1250</code>
−
| 1223
 
−
 
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
===DFU utility===
 
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TheSeven has written libipoddfu.py for communicating with the iPod's DFU interface. It also has a utility called ipoddfu.py for uploading files in DFU mode. These utilities can be found in [http://svn.freemyipod.org/tools/ipoddfu/ the SVN repository].
 
−
 
−
==Debug (diagnostics) mode==
 
−
This mode will give quite a lot of info about your iPod. Except for the very first iPods, it can be accessed by holding center and rewind when the apple logo appears during reboot.
 
−
 
−
==Helpful pages==
 
−
http://www.ipodlinux.org/wiki/Key_Combinations
 
−
 
−
http://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2008/09/03/dfu-mode-on-2nd-gen-nanos/
 
−
 
−
http://www.usb.org/developers/devclass_docs/DFU_1.1.pdf
 
−
 
−
http://www.usb.org/developers/devclass_docs/usbdfu10.pdf
 

Latest revision as of 07:52, 23 June 2025

At any given time an iPod can be in one of several modes, some of which can be activated by holding down certain buttons while the iPod is booting.

Normal mode

"Normal mode" is when the iPod is booted into retailOS normally. In this mode the iPod presents as a mass storage device to a computer, allowing files to be transferred. Receiving device information from the iPod, as well as updating the iPod's Firmware, can be done from normal mode through the use of proprietary SCSI commands.

Disk mode

In disk mode, like normal mode, the iPod presents as a mass storage device to a computer and can have its information read and firmware updated. When in disk mode, the iPod screen will display, with a black foreground and white background, either a no symbol with the text "Do not disconnect." or a checkmark symbol with the text "OK to disconnect." depending on whether the iPod is connected and if it has been ejected.

Disk mode exists on all iPod models. For more information on how to enter disk mode, refer to this Apple support document

Disk mode is also referred to as "forced disk mode" in device information received from the iPod.

The place where disk mode is stored on the device differs depending on the iPod model. On the iPod nano (4th generation) and newer, disk mode is stored in the "disk" partition of the Firmware.

DFU mode

Device Firmware Upgrade, or DFU, is a standard for upgrading firmware over USB that is used by many devices, including iOS devices and newer iPods. DFU mode exists on the iPod nano (3rd generation) and newer and the iPod classic (6th generation) and newer, coinciding with Apple's switch from PortalPlayer to Samsung processors. DFU mode is contained in the on-processor BootROM. Instructions on entering DFU mode can be found here.

When in DFU mode, the iPod can be sent a special WTF IMG1 firmware image to enter WTF mode. Other IMG1 images cannot be sent in this mode.

The iPod nano (2nd generation) also has a DFU mode, but it can only be entered by shorting testpoints on the iPod's circuit board or flashing the NOR with an image with an invalid signature or hash. It does, however, support a NOR DFU mode that can be entered by holding down Back+Play right after rebooting the device[1].

WTF mode

In WTF mode (possibly 'Where's The Firmware?'), the iPod will accept any IMG1 image it is sent over DFU and, if signature and decryption checks pass, will attempt to boot to it. It is entered from DFU mode when a specific WTF IMG1 firmware image is sent. While in WTF mode the iPod still uses the standard DFU protocol.

The iTunes behavior upon seeing an iPod in WTF mode is to send it a "recovery" firmware image, which places the iPod in disk mode. However, any firmware image can be sent to it, including, for example, the "osos" partition from production iPod firmware, which enables tethered booting an iPod into retailOS.

Diagnostic mode

This mode will give quite a lot of info about your iPod. Except for the very first iPods, it can be accessed by holding center and rewind when the apple logo appears during reboot.(clarification needed)

USB IDs

When connected to a computer, the iPod presents a vendor ID of 05ac (Apple Inc.) and a product ID that depends on its model and which mode it is in:

Model Normal/disk mode DFU mode WTF mode
iPod nano (2nd generation) 1260 1220 1240
iPod nano (3rd generation) 1262 1223/1224 1242
iPod nano (4th generation) 1263 1225 1243
iPod nano (5th generation) 1265 1231 1246
iPod nano (6th generation) 1266 1232 1248
iPod nano (7th generation) Initial 1267 1234 1249
Rev A 124a
iPod classic (6th generation) Initial 1261 1223 1241
Rev A 1245
Rev B 1247
Rev C 1250
  1. ↑ https://www.rockbox.org/irc/log-20080904#13:31:44
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