Difference between revisions of "Modes"

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Nanos have special modes that they can boot into called disk mode, DFU mode, and debug mode.
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At any given time an iPod can be in one of several modes, some of which can be activated by holding down certain buttons while the iPod is booting. 
 +
 
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==Normal mode==
 +
"Normal mode" is when the iPod is booted into [[RetailOS]] normally. In this mode the iPod presents as a mass storage device to a computer, allowing files to be transferred. Receiving device information from the iPod, as well as updating the iPod's [[Firmware]], can be done from normal mode through the use of proprietary SCSI commands.
  
 
==Disk mode==
 
==Disk mode==
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Disk mode has existed ever since the iPod has existed. Disk mode is stored in the 1MB NOR auxillary flash (along with the bootloader), so this is pretty much always there, no matter what sort of tampering you have done. Disk mode basically makes the iPod behave as a massive storage device, allowing the computer to directly read and write the data flash chip. For more information on how to enter Disk mode (or Reboot), refer to the [http://www.ipodlinux.org/wiki/Key_Combinations Key Combination] page from iPodLinux Wiki.
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In disk mode, like normal mode, the iPod presents as a mass storage device to a computer and can have its information read and firmware updated. When in disk mode, the iPod screen will display, with a black foreground and white background, either a no symbol with the text "Do not disconnect." or a checkmark symbol with the text "OK to disconnect." depending on whether the iPod is connected and if it has been ejected.  
  
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[[Image:Diskmode.jpg]]  
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Disk mode exists on all iPod models. For more information on how to enter disk mode, refer to [https://support.apple.com/kb/ht1363 this Apple support document]
  
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([http://www.ipodlinux.org/ iPodLinux project])
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Disk mode is also referred to as "forced disk mode" in device information received from the iPod.
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The place where disk mode is stored on the device differs depending on the iPod model. On the iPod nano (4th generation) and newer, disk mode is stored in the "disk" partition of the [[Firmware]].  
  
 
==DFU mode==
 
==DFU mode==
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DFU (Device Firmware Upgrade) mode is a relatively new standard for upgrading firmware that is used in many devices like the OpenMoko and the newer iPods. DFU mode (since nano 3G) is probably contained in the on-processor's bootrom. Newer iPods have both DFU mode and disk mode, while iPod Touch and iPhones have exclusively DFU mode. It is worth noting that DFU mode was implemented at the exact time that Apple switched from PortalPlayer to Samsung processors, and also exactly when the firmware was encrypted. There could be a relationship.
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_Firmware_Upgrade Device Firmware Upgrade], or DFU, is a standard for upgrading firmware over USB that is used by many devices, including iOS devices and newer iPods. DFU mode exists on the [[Nano 3G]] and newer and the [[Classic 6G]] and newer, coinciding with Apple's switch from PortalPlayer to Samsung processors. DFU mode is contained in the on-processor BootROM. Instructions on entering DFU mode can be found [https://theapplewiki.com/wiki/DFU_Mode#iPod here].
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The nano 2G also has a DFU mode, but that one is probably booted of the NOR flash instead of mask ROM, and doesn't seem to have anything in common with the newer DFU modes. It is not yet found out how to communicate with a Nano 2G in DFU mode, not even iTunes can do that.
 
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===Getting DFU mode on 3G/4G===
 
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# Make sure your iPod is turned on and connected to your computer. [[File:N4G DFU.png|thumb]]
 
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# Press the menu button and select (central) button simultaneously.
 
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# The iPod's screen will go black, and the Apple logo will shortly appear.
 
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# Keep on pressing till the Apple logo turns into a black screen. This is about 10 seconds.
 
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# Release the menu and select buttons.
 
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You should see this device on you usb listing (lsusb):
 
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<pre>
 
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Bus XXX Device YYY: ID 05ac:1223 Apple, Inc.  (for 3G)
 
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Bus XXX Device YYY: ID 05ac:1224 Apple, Inc.  (also possible for 3G)
 
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Bus XXX Device YYY: ID 05ac:1225 Apple, Inc.  (for 4G)
 
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</pre>
 
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The product ID depends on whether the iPod is in DFU mode or not. For example, when a 4G Nano is not in DFU mode, lsusb returns:
 
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<pre>
 
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Bus XXX Device YYY: ID 05ac:1263 Apple, Inc.
 
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*example for 3G needed*
 
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</pre>
 
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05ac is the vendor ID (apple), and the number after the colon is the Product ID. It might be worth finding out whether different firmwares return different product IDs in DFU or normal mode.
 
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To the right is an image of the 4G's DFU specifications. The DFU seems to be version 1.1 based on USB's spec documents (see below links). We need more devices! Email on mailing list if you can help!
 
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The 4G Nano's .ipsw file has a file named N58s.bootloader.release.rb3, and it is possible that this file is used for DFU mode.
 
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===Crafting a DFU util for the Nanos===
 
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While in DFU mode, you should be able to read and write the iPod's firmware. The most promising DFU utility out there is the [http://github.com/planetbeing/xpwn/tree/master modified dfu-util] by planetbeing in the xpwn repositiory. This is a modified version of OpenMoko's original. It can be used with the iPod Touch and the iPhone. Those and the iPod Nanos most likely use similar protocols, so it might work right away or with little modification. This is probably most compatible with the 4G Nano. As stated by [https://mail.gna.org/public/linux4nano-dev/2009-04/msg00010.html this] mailing list post, there is also another DFU utility for the Meizu player in the Rockbox SVN repo. The Meizu uses a 8700 series processor, just like the older Nanos do. We could use a USB sniffer on a Windows machine and examine the protocol. Using our knowledge of the iPod Nano's DFU protocol, we could make any necessary changes to the Meizu DFU util and be able to use it with the Nanos.
 
  
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Cmwslw has already set up a Windows virtual box and gotten a sniffer up an running, but he has not yet tried running iTunes with an iPod in DFU mode.
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When in DFU mode, the iPod can be sent a special WTF [[IMG1]] firmware image to enter WTF mode. Other IMG1 images cannot be sent in this mode.
  
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==Debug (diagnostics) mode==
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The [[Nano 2G]] also has a DFU mode, but it can only be entered by shorting testpoints on the iPod's circuit board or flashing the NOR with an image with an invalid signature or hash. It does, however, support a NOR DFU mode that can be entered by holding down Back+Play right after rebooting the device<ref>https://www.rockbox.org/irc/log-20080904#13:31:44</ref>.
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This mode will give quite a lot of info about your iPod. Except for the very first iPods, it can be accessed by holding center and rewind when the apple logo appears during reboot.
 
  
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==Helpful pages==
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==WTF mode==
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http://www.ipodlinux.org/wiki/Key_Combinations
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In WTF mode (possibly 'Where's The Firmware?'), the iPod will accept any [[IMG1]] image it is sent over DFU and, if signature and decryption checks pass, will attempt to boot to it. It is entered from DFU mode when a specific WTF [[IMG1]] firmware image is sent. While in WTF mode the iPod still uses the standard DFU protocol.
  
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http://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2008/09/03/dfu-mode-on-2nd-gen-nanos/
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The iTunes behavior upon seeing an iPod in WTF mode is to send it a "recovery" firmware image, which places the iPod in disk mode. However, any firmware image can be sent to it, including, for example, the "osos" partition from production iPod firmware, which enables tethered booting an iPod into [[RetailOS]].
  
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http://www.usb.org/developers/devclass_docs/DFU_1.1.pdf
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==Diagnostic mode==
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This mode will give quite a lot of info about your iPod. Except for the very first iPods, it can be accessed by holding center and rewind when the apple logo appears during reboot.<sup>(clarification needed)</sup>
  
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http://www.usb.org/developers/devclass_docs/usbdfu10.pdf
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==USB IDs==
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When connected to a computer, the iPod presents a vendor ID of 05ac (Apple Inc.) and a product ID that depends on its model and which mode it is in:  
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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! colspan="2" | Model
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! Normal/disk mode
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! DFU mode
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! WTF mode
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|-
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| colspan="2" | [[Nano 2G]]
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| <code>1260</code>
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| <code>1220</code>
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| <code>1240</code>
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|-
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| colspan="2" | [[Nano 3G]]
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| <code>1262</code>
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| <code>1223</code>/<code>1224</code>
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| <code>1242</code>
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|-
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| colspan="2" | [[Nano 4G]]
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| <code>1263</code>
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| <code>1225</code>
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| <code>1243</code>
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|-
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| colspan="2" | [[Nano 5G]]
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| <code>1265</code>
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| <code>1231</code>
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| <code>1246</code>
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|-
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| colspan="2" | [[Nano 6G]]
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| <code>1266</code>
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| <code>1232</code>
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| <code>1248</code>
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|-
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| rowspan="2" | [[Nano 7G]]
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| Initial
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| rowspan="2" | <code>1267</code>
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| rowspan="2" | <code>1234</code>
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| <code>1249</code>
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|-
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| Rev A
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| <code>124a</code>
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|-
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| rowspan="4" | [[Classic 6G]]
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| [[Classic 6G#Initial|Initial]]
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| rowspan="4" | <code>1261</code>
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| rowspan="4" | <code>1223</code>
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| <code>1241</code>
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|-
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| [[Classic 6G#Rev A|Rev A]]
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| <code>1245</code>
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|-
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| [[Classic 6G#Rev B|Rev B]]
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| <code>1247</code>
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|-
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| Rev C
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| <code>1250</code>
 +
|}

Latest revision as of 07:52, 23 June 2025

At any given time an iPod can be in one of several modes, some of which can be activated by holding down certain buttons while the iPod is booting.

Normal mode

"Normal mode" is when the iPod is booted into retailOS normally. In this mode the iPod presents as a mass storage device to a computer, allowing files to be transferred. Receiving device information from the iPod, as well as updating the iPod's Firmware, can be done from normal mode through the use of proprietary SCSI commands.

Disk mode

In disk mode, like normal mode, the iPod presents as a mass storage device to a computer and can have its information read and firmware updated. When in disk mode, the iPod screen will display, with a black foreground and white background, either a no symbol with the text "Do not disconnect." or a checkmark symbol with the text "OK to disconnect." depending on whether the iPod is connected and if it has been ejected.

Disk mode exists on all iPod models. For more information on how to enter disk mode, refer to this Apple support document

Disk mode is also referred to as "forced disk mode" in device information received from the iPod.

The place where disk mode is stored on the device differs depending on the iPod model. On the iPod nano (4th generation) and newer, disk mode is stored in the "disk" partition of the Firmware.

DFU mode

Device Firmware Upgrade, or DFU, is a standard for upgrading firmware over USB that is used by many devices, including iOS devices and newer iPods. DFU mode exists on the iPod nano (3rd generation) and newer and the iPod classic (6th generation) and newer, coinciding with Apple's switch from PortalPlayer to Samsung processors. DFU mode is contained in the on-processor BootROM. Instructions on entering DFU mode can be found here.

When in DFU mode, the iPod can be sent a special WTF IMG1 firmware image to enter WTF mode. Other IMG1 images cannot be sent in this mode.

The iPod nano (2nd generation) also has a DFU mode, but it can only be entered by shorting testpoints on the iPod's circuit board or flashing the NOR with an image with an invalid signature or hash. It does, however, support a NOR DFU mode that can be entered by holding down Back+Play right after rebooting the device[1].

WTF mode

In WTF mode (possibly 'Where's The Firmware?'), the iPod will accept any IMG1 image it is sent over DFU and, if signature and decryption checks pass, will attempt to boot to it. It is entered from DFU mode when a specific WTF IMG1 firmware image is sent. While in WTF mode the iPod still uses the standard DFU protocol.

The iTunes behavior upon seeing an iPod in WTF mode is to send it a "recovery" firmware image, which places the iPod in disk mode. However, any firmware image can be sent to it, including, for example, the "osos" partition from production iPod firmware, which enables tethered booting an iPod into retailOS.

Diagnostic mode

This mode will give quite a lot of info about your iPod. Except for the very first iPods, it can be accessed by holding center and rewind when the apple logo appears during reboot.(clarification needed)

USB IDs

When connected to a computer, the iPod presents a vendor ID of 05ac (Apple Inc.) and a product ID that depends on its model and which mode it is in:

Model Normal/disk mode DFU mode WTF mode
iPod nano (2nd generation) 1260 1220 1240
iPod nano (3rd generation) 1262 1223/1224 1242
iPod nano (4th generation) 1263 1225 1243
iPod nano (5th generation) 1265 1231 1246
iPod nano (6th generation) 1266 1232 1248
iPod nano (7th generation) Initial 1267 1234 1249
Rev A 124a
iPod classic (6th generation) Initial 1261 1223 1241
Rev A 1245
Rev B 1247
Rev C 1250
  1. ↑ https://www.rockbox.org/irc/log-20080904#13:31:44
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